Noi siamo i Borg. Sarete assimilati. Ogni resistenza è futile.

25 January 2013

La teoria della resilienza di Holling



La patologia del management delle risorse naturali secondo Holling

L'idea di Minsky che la stabilità genera instabilità è un tema importante in ecologia. La "Patologia del management delle risorse naturali è descritta come segue da  Holling and Meffe :

“Quando si riduce il dominio di variazioni naturali in un sistema, il sistema perde resilienza.”




Holling’s “Pathology of Natural Resource Management”

Minsky’s idea that stability breeds instability is an important theme in the field of ecology. The “Pathology of Natural Resource Management” is described by Holling and Meffe as follows:

“when the range of natural variation in a system is reduced, the system loses resilience.”

4 comments:

  1. Se il giunco si piega l'onda passa.
    Al contrario, chi non si piega si spezza.
    Ovviamente, ma non troppo ovviamente,
    è un piegarsi diverso dal sottomettersi.
    Diciamo che è una rigida flessibilità.
    Ovvero la resilienza.

    SPASSO

    Sempre Possasi Ancora Scherzare Senza Ostacoli

    Marco Sclarandis

    ReplyDelete
  2. Gli esseri umani sono invidiati dagli Dei, poiché gli umani si trovano a metà strada tra Terra e Cielo e possono godere dei benefici d’entrambi i regni. Posseggono un intelletto in grado di sfiorar stelle e galassie, ma hanno anche uno stomaco dall'indole selvaggia e primordiale, un fuoco che sa di vita libera e pulsante. Guai però a quegli umani che si credano Dei oppure animali: il loro comportamento sarà per essi (e chi gli è appresso) il peggiore degli inferni. Peggio ancora per quegli sciocchi che credono d'esser immortali e potenti come Dei e feroci ed inconsapevoli come belve. A questi sciocchi spetterà il peggio in assoluto: il consumismo prima e l’estinzione poi, ossia la disperazione camuffata da gioia ed incalzata da una precoce morte. Sia chiaro, l’Universo e gli Dei non odiano la stupidità, ma, nel lungo periodo, non la tollerano. Semplicemente la stupidità non è né una virtù, né una dote che possa aumentare le probabilità di sopravvivenza. Pensare che l’Universo o gli Dei possano far un’eccezione per noi soltanto è da stupidi, o, se preferite, da consumisti in procinto d’estinguersi. La resilienza può sembrare la più materiale delle doti, ma include in sé spiritualità, intelligenza, bellezza, moderazione e rispetto.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Ottimo articolo. Le sue conclusioni sono chiarissime, ma come implementarle e' tutt'altro che facile. E sono completamente d'accordo su una conclusione in particolare:

    "Ironically, our attempts at command and control are usually directed at complex, poorly understood, and nonlinear natural systems, rather than at
    the fundamental source of the problem-human population growth and consumption-where control is viable, reasonable, and could be effective.

    Ma non direi che cio' sia "ironico". E' molto piu semplicemente imbecille. E quindi come potra' mai una massa di imbecilli innammorata di loro stessi (l'umanita) gestire dei fenomeni cosi' complessi? (lo farebbero molto meglio degli orangutan)

    La cosa piu semplice sarebbe di ridurre (e di molto) i nostri properi numeri e consumi, e lasciare la natura, le risorse, e l'ecologia in santa pace. Dato che fra l'altro il 99% di coloro che cercano di gestirle non ci capiscono proprio un bel niente.

    "Conclusions
    Acknowledgments
    Rather than pursuing short-term gain through command
    and control, effective natural resource management that
    promotes long-term system viability must be based on an
    understanding of the key processes that structure and
    drive ecosystems, and on acceptance of both the natural
    ranges of ecosystem variation and the constraints of that
    variation for long-term success and sustainability. This is
    especially urgent when the growth of the human population
    and its consumption of resources is added to the
    picture, as it always must be (Meffe et al. 1993). Despite
    our penchant to control so many systems through command-
    and-control techniques, with a few conspicuous
    exceptions the underlying problem of population growth
    is often ignored. Ironically, our attempts at command
    and control are usually directed at complex, poorly understood,
    and nonlinear natural systems, rather than at
    the fundamental source of the problem-human population
    growth and consumption-where control is viable,
    reasonable, and could be effective. A rapidly increasing
    human population and increasing consumption is resulting
    in greater demands on and competition for dwindling
    and increasingly damaged natural resources. The
    resource problems we encounter today can only multiply
    as the human population grows, which means that
    the errors of command and control will be compounded,
    which will only lead to calls for more command and
    control by those who do not fundamentally understand
    the pathology outlined herein. This highlights the urgency
    of quickly changing our fundamental approaches
    to natural resource management and developing solutions
    and appropriate models of management behavior
    while time and resources still permit.
    Command-and-control management can lead to shortterm
    economic returns, but it also increases the vulnerability
    of ecosystems to perturbations that otherwise
    could be absorbed. Any move toward truly sustainable
    human endeavors must incorporate this principle or it
    cannot succeed. Our observations are also pertinent to
    the present move toward ecosystem management in the
    United States and elsewhere. If ecosystem management
    is to be more than another buzzword, then there is no
    substitute for understanding the structure and dynamics
    of natural ecosystems over spatial and temporal scales
    covering several orders of magnitude. The role of variation
    in structuring ecosystems and maintaining their resilience,
    and managing within the constraints of that
    structure and dynamics, is critical. We must also modify
    our institutions and policies to recognize the pathology
    described herein and to root out similar pathologies in
    institutional and policy behaviors. To ignore this is to
    perpeturate the pathology of natural resource management
    and place ecosystems and humanity at great risk."

    ReplyDelete
  4. Ottimo articolo. Le sue conclusioni sono chiarissime, ma come implementarle e' tutt'altro che facile. E sono completamente d'accordo su una conclusione in particolare:

    "Ironically, our attempts at command and control are usually directed at complex, poorly understood, and nonlinear natural systems, rather than at
    the fundamental source of the problem-human population growth and consumption-where control is viable, reasonable, and could be effective.

    Ma non direi che cio' sia "ironico". E' molto piu' semplicemente stupido. E quindi come potra' mai una massa di stupidi innammorata di loro stessi (l'umanita') gestire dei fenomeni cosi' complessi? (lo farebbero sicuramente molto meglio degli orangutan)

    La cosa piu semplice sarebbe di ridurre (e di molto) i nostri propri numeri e consumi, e lasciare la natura, le risorse, e l'ecologia in pace. Dato che fra l'altro il 99% di coloro che cercano di gestirle non ci capiscono niente. E le altre conclusioni dell'articolo (sotto) sono altrettanto importanti.

    "Conclusions:

    Rather than pursuing short-term gain through command
    and control, effective natural resource management that
    promotes long-term system viability must be based on an
    understanding of the key processes that structure and
    drive ecosystems, and on acceptance of both the natural
    ranges of ecosystem variation and the constraints of that
    variation for long-term success and sustainability. This is
    especially urgent when the growth of the human population
    and its consumption of resources is added to the
    picture, as it always must be (Meffe et al. 1993). Despite
    our penchant to control so many systems through command-
    and-control techniques, with a few conspicuous
    exceptions the underlying problem of population growth
    is often ignored. Ironically, our attempts at command
    and control are usually directed at complex, poorly understood,
    and nonlinear natural systems, rather than at
    the fundamental source of the problem-human population
    growth and consumption-where control is viable,
    reasonable, and could be effective. A rapidly increasing
    human population and increasing consumption is resulting
    in greater demands on and competition for dwindling
    and increasingly damaged natural resources. The
    resource problems we encounter today can only multiply
    as the human population grows, which means that
    the errors of command and control will be compounded,
    which will only lead to calls for more command and
    control by those who do not fundamentally understand
    the pathology outlined herein. This highlights the urgency
    of quickly changing our fundamental approaches
    to natural resource management and developing solutions
    and appropriate models of management behavior
    while time and resources still permit.
    Command-and-control management can lead to shortterm
    economic returns, but it also increases the vulnerability
    of ecosystems to perturbations that otherwise
    could be absorbed. Any move toward truly sustainable
    human endeavors must incorporate this principle or it
    cannot succeed. Our observations are also pertinent to
    the present move toward ecosystem management in the
    United States and elsewhere. If ecosystem management
    is to be more than another buzzword, then there is no
    substitute for understanding the structure and dynamics
    of natural ecosystems over spatial and temporal scales
    covering several orders of magnitude. The role of variation
    in structuring ecosystems and maintaining their resilience,
    and managing within the constraints of that
    structure and dynamics, is critical. We must also modify
    our institutions and policies to recognize the pathology
    described herein and to root out similar pathologies in
    institutional and policy behaviors. To ignore this is to
    perpeturate the pathology of natural resource management
    and place ecosystems and humanity at great risk."

    ReplyDelete